AUTHOR=Miyara Makoto , Saichi Melissa , Sterlin Delphine , Anna François , Marot Stéphane , Mathian Alexis , Atif Mo , Quentric Paul , Mohr Audrey , Claër Laetitia , Parizot Christophe , Dorgham Karim , Yssel Hans , Fadlallah Jehane , Chazal Thibaut , Haroche Julien , Luyt Charles-Edouard , Mayaux Julien , Beurton Alexandra , Benameur Neila , Boutolleau David , Burrel Sonia , de Alba Sophia , Mudumba Sasi , Hockett Rick , Gunn Cary , Charneau Pierre , Calvez Vincent , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Combes Alain , Demoule Alexandre , Amoura Zahir , Gorochov Guy TITLE=Pre-COVID-19 Immunity to Common Cold Human Coronaviruses Induces a Recall-Type IgG Response to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens Without Cross-Neutralisation JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.790334 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.790334 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

The capacity of pre-existing immunity to human common coronaviruses (HCoV) to cross-protect against de novo COVID-19is yet unknown. In this work, we studied the sera of 175 COVID-19 patients, 76 healthy donors and 3 intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) batches. We found that most COVID-19 patients developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before IgM. Moreover, the capacity of their IgGs to react to beta-HCoV, was present in the early sera of most patients before the appearance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. This implied that a recall-type antibody response was generated. In comparison, the patients that mounted an anti-SARS-COV2 IgM response, prior to IgG responses had lower titres of anti-beta-HCoV IgG antibodies. This indicated that pre-existing immunity to beta-HCoV was conducive to the generation of memory type responses to SARS-COV-2. Finally, we also found that pre-COVID-19-era sera and IVIG cross-reacted with SARS-CoV-2 antigens without neutralising SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in vitro. Put together, these results indicate that whilst pre-existing immunity to HCoV is responsible for recall-type IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2, it does not lead to cross-protection against COVID-19.