AUTHOR=Giannotta Claudia , Autino Federica , Massaia Massimo 

TITLE=The immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in multiple myeloma: The contribution of myeloid-derived suppressor cells

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1102471

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.1102471

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Myeloid derived suppressors cells (MDSC) play major roles in regulating immune homeostasis and immune responses in many conditions, including cancer. MDSC interact with cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) with direct and indirect mechanisms: production of soluble factors and cytokines, expression of surface inhibitory molecules, metabolic rewiring and exosome release. The two-way relationship between MDSC and tumor cells results in immune evasion and cancer outgrowth. In multiple myeloma (MM), MDSC play a major role in creating protumoral TME conditions. In this minireview, we will discuss the interplay between MDSC and MM TME and the possible strategies to target MDSC.</p>