AUTHOR=Rezahosseini Omid , Hamm Sebastian Rask , Heftdal Line Dam , Pérez-Alós Laura , Møller Dina Leth , Perch Michael , Madsen Johannes Roth , Hald Annemette , Hansen Cecilie Bo , Armenteros Jose Juan Almagro , Pries-Heje Mia Marie , Hasselbalch Rasmus Bo , Fogh Kamille , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Hilsted Linda Maria , Sørensen Erik , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Iversen Kasper , Bundgaard Henning , Sørensen Søren Schwartz , Rasmussen Allan , Garred Peter , Nielsen Susanne Dam TITLE=Humoral and T-cell response 12 months after the first BNT162b2 vaccination in solid organ transplant recipients and controls: Kinetics, associated factors, and role of SARS-CoV-2 infection JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=13 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075423 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075423 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=Introduction

We investigated humoral and T-cell responses within 12 months after first BNT162b2 vaccine in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and controls who had received at least three vaccine doses. Furthermore, we compared the immune response in participants with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

We included adult liver, lung, and kidney transplant recipients, and controls were selected from a parallel cohort of healthcare workers.

Results

At 12th-month, the IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) (P<0.001), IgA GMCs (P=0.003), and median IFN-γ (P<0.001) were lower in SOT recipients than in controls. However, in SOT recipients and controls with previous infection, the neutralizing index was 99%, and the IgG, and IgA responses were comparable. After adjustment, female-sex (aOR: 3.6, P<0.009), kidney (aOR: 7.0, P= 0.008) or lung transplantation (aOR: 7.5, P= 0.014), and use of mycophenolate (aOR: 5.2, P=0.03) were associated with low IgG non response. Age (OR:1.4, P=0.038), time from transplantation to first vaccine (OR: 0.45, P<0.035), and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.14, P<0.001), were associated with low IgA non response. Diabetes (OR:2.4, P=0.044) was associated with T-cell non response.

Conclusion

In conclusion, humoral and T-cell responses were inferior in SOT recipients without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection but comparable to controls in SOT recipients with previous infection.