AUTHOR=Xing Yi , Sun Xun , Dou Yiming , Wang Min , Zhao Yanmei , Yang Qiang , Zhao Yanhong TITLE=The Immuno-Modulation Effect of Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.785728 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.785728 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

As natural nanocarriers and intercellular messengers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) control communication among cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs deliver generic information including proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells and exert regulatory effects. Macrophages help mediate immune responses, and macrophage-derived EVs may play immunomodulatory roles in the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, EVs derived from various macrophage phenotypes have different biological functions. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological significance of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and gastrointestinal disease, and the potential applications of these EVs.