AUTHOR=Yang Chao , Ng Chan-Tat , Li Dan , Zhang Lei 

TITLE=Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1: Fighting Cancers via Dormancy Regulation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.725204

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.725204

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>The connection between indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tumour dormancy – a quiescent state of tumour cells which has been consistently linked to metastasis and cancer recurrence – is rarely discussed despite the pivotal role of IDO1 in cancer development and progression. Whilst the underlying mechanisms of IDO1-mediated dormancy are elusive, we summarize the IDO1 pathways which potentially contribute to dormancy in this review. Critically, distinct IDO1 activities are involved in dormancy initiation and maintenance; factors outside the well-studied IDO1/kynurenine/aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis, including the mammalian target of rapamycin and general control nonderepressible 2, appear to be implicated in dormancy. We also discuss various strategies for cancer treatment <italic>via</italic> regulating IDO1-dependent dormancy and suggest the application of nanotechnology to deliver effective treatment.</p>