AUTHOR=Hong Chao , Lu Hongyun , Jin Rong , Huang Xiaohong , Chen Ming , Dai Xiaoqiu , Gong Fangyuan , Dong Hongliang , Wang Hongmin , Gao Xiao-Ming 

TITLE=Cytokine Cocktail Promotes Alveolar Macrophage Reconstitution and Functional Maturation in a Murine Model of Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.719727

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.719727

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Infectious pneumonia is one of the most common complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), which is considered to be associated with poor reconstitution and functional maturation of alveolar macrophages (AMs) post-transplantation. Here, we present evidence showing that lack of IL-13-secreting group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the lungs may underlay poor AM reconstitution in a mouse model of haploidentical BMT (haplo-BMT). Recombinant murine IL-13 was able to potentiate monocyte-derived AM differentiation <italic>in vitro</italic>. When intranasally administered, a cocktail of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-13, and CCL2 not only promoted donor monocyte-derived AM reconstitution in haplo-BMT-recipient mice but also enhanced the innate immunity of the recipient animals against pulmonary bacterial infection. These results provide a useful clue for a clinical strategy to prevent pulmonary bacterial infection at the early stage of recipients post-BMT.</p>