AUTHOR=Manoharan Indumathi , Prasad Puttur D. , Thangaraju Muthusamy , Manicassamy Santhakumar TITLE=Lactate-Dependent Regulation of Immune Responses by Dendritic Cells and Macrophages JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.691134 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.691134 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

For decades, lactate has been considered an innocuous bystander metabolite of cellular metabolism. However, emerging studies show that lactate acts as a complex immunomodulatory molecule that controls innate and adaptive immune cells’ effector functions. Thus, recent advances point to lactate as an essential and novel signaling molecule that shapes innate and adaptive immune responses in the intestine and systemic sites. Here, we review these recent advances in the context of the pleiotropic effects of lactate in regulating diverse functions of immune cells in the tissue microenvironment and under pathological conditions.