AUTHOR=Burkard Tobias , Dreis Caroline , Herrero San Juan Martina , Huhn Meik , Weigert Andreas , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Radeke Heinfried H. TITLE=Enhanced CXCR4 Expression of Human CD8Low T Lymphocytes Is Driven by S1P4 JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.668884 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2021.668884 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=
Although the human immune response to cancer is naturally potent, it can be severely disrupted as a result of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes contribute to this immunosuppression by inhibiting proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are key to an effective anti-cancer immune response. Other important contributory factors are thought to include metabolic stress caused by the local nutrient deprivation common to many solid tumors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released in reaction to cell damage, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are known to control cell positioning and differentiation of T lymphocytes. In an