AUTHOR=Luo Yongsheng , Luo Feifei , Zhang Kuanxin , Wang Shilei , Zhang Haojie , Yang Xianlei , Shang Wenjun , Wang Junxiang , Wang Zhigang , Pang Xinlu , Feng Yonghua , Liu Lei , Xie Hongchang , Feng Guiwen , Li Jinfeng 

TITLE=Elevated Circulating IL-10 Producing Breg, but Not Regulatory B Cell Levels, Restrain Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.627496

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2020.627496

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occupies a major position for chronic rejection after kidney transplantation. Regulatory B cell (Breg) has been reported to have an inhibitory immune function, which contributes to the resistance for AMR.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A nested case–control study for nine healthy donors, 25 stable (ST) patients, and 18 AMR patients was performed to determine the type of Breg in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing AMR.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared to the ST group, circulating interleukin (IL)-10<sup>+</sup> Bregs, but not Bregs, significantly decreased. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that rather than the circulating Bregs, decreased circulating IL-10<sup>+</sup> Breg levels were positively associated with AMR. However, kidney B cell and IL-10 infiltration was significantly increased in the AMR group with high expression of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13). In addition, circulating IL-10<sup>+</sup> Bregs, rather than Bregs, remained higher than those at pre-operation, during the 90-day post-operation in immune homeostasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The circulating IL-10<sup>+</sup> Breg levels are more appropriate measures for assessing the resistance of AMR after kidney transplantation.</p></sec>