AUTHOR=Xavier Léder Leal , Neves Paula Fernanda Ribas , Paz Lisiê Valeria , Neves Laura Tartari , Bagatini Pamela Brambilla , Timmers Luís Fernando Saraiva Macedo , Rasia-Filho Alberto Antônio , Mestriner Régis Gemerasca , Wieck Andrea TITLE=Does Angiotensin II Peak in Response to SARS-CoV-2? JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=11 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.577875 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2020.577875 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

Human infection by the SARS-CoV-2 is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic. With the growing numbers of cases and deaths, there is an urgent need to explore pathophysiological hypotheses in an attempt to better understand the factors determining the course of the disease. Here, we hypothesize that COVID-19 severity and its symptoms could be related to transmembrane and soluble Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (tACE2 and sACE2); Angiotensin II (ANG II); Angiotensin 1-7 (ANG 1-7) and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) activation levels. Additionally, we hypothesize that an early peak in ANG II and ADAM-17 might represent a physiological attempt to reduce viral infection via tACE2. This viewpoint presents: (1) a brief introduction regarding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), detailing its receptors, molecular synthesis, and degradation routes; (2) a description of the proposed early changes in the RAAS in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including biological scenarios for the best and worst prognoses; and (3) the physiological pathways and reasoning for changes in the RAAS following SARS-CoV-2 infection.