AUTHOR=Annaloro Claudio , Serpenti Fabio , Saporiti Giorgia , Galassi Giulia , Cavallaro Francesca , Grifoni Federica , Goldaniga Maria , Baldini Luca , Onida Francesco TITLE=Viral Infections in HSCT: Detection, Monitoring, Clinical Management, and Immunologic Implications JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=11 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.569381 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2020.569381 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

In spite of an increasing array of investigations, the relationships between viral infections and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are still controversial, and almost exclusively regard DNA viruses. Viral infections per se account for a considerable risk of morbidity and mortality among HSCT recipients, and available antiviral agents have proven to be of limited effectiveness. Therefore, an optimal management of viral infection represents a key point in HSCT strategies. On the other hand, viruses bear the potential of shaping immunologic recovery after HSCT, possibly interfering with control of the underlying disease and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and eventually with HSCT outcome. Moreover, preliminary data are available about the possible role of some virome components as markers of immunologic recovery after HSCT. Lastly, HSCT may exert an immunotherapeutic effect against some viral infections, notably HIV and HTLV-1, and has been considered as an eradicating approach in these indications.