AUTHOR=Gomzikova Marina O. , James Victoria , Rizvanov Albert A.
TITLE=Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Immunomodulation
JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology
VOLUME=10
YEAR=2019
URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02663
DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2019.02663
ISSN=1664-3224
ABSTRACT=
The immunosuppressive potential of mesenchymal stem cells has been extensively investigated in many studies in vivo and in vitro. In recent years, a variety preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases. However, to date mesenchymal stem cells have not become a widely used therapeutic agent due to safety challenges, high cost and difficulties in providing long term production. A key mechanism underpinning the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs is the production of paracrine factors including growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSCs derived EVs have become an attractive therapeutic agent for immunomodulation and treatment of immune-mediated disorders. In addition to many preclinical studies of MSCs derived EVs, their beneficial effects have been observed in patients with both acute graft-vs.-host disease and chronic kidney disease. In this review, we discuss the current findings in the field of MSCs derived EVs-based therapies in immune-mediated disorders and approaches to scale EV production for clinical use.