AUTHOR=Ong Siew-Min , Teng Karen , Newell Evan , Chen Hao , Chen Jinmiao , Loy Thomas , Yeo Tsin-Wen , Fink Katja , Wong Siew-Cheng TITLE=A Novel, Five-Marker Alternative to CD16–CD14 Gating to Identify the Three Human Monocyte Subsets JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=10 YEAR=2019 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01761 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2019.01761 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=
Human primary monocytes are heterogeneous in terms of phenotype and function, but are sub-divided only based on CD16 and CD14 expression. CD16 expression distinguishes a subset of monocytes with highly pro-inflammatory properties from non-CD16 expressing “classical” monocytes. CD14 expression further subdivides the CD16+ monocytes into non-classical CD14low and intermediate CD14high subsets. This long-standing CD16–CD14 classification system, however, has limitations as CD14 is expressed in a continuum, leading to subjectivity in delineating the non-classical and intermediate subsets; in addition, CD16 expression is unstable, making identification of the subsets impossible after