AUTHOR=Ye Xunyan , Iwuchukwu Obinna P. , Avadhanula Vasanthi , Aideyan Letisha O. , McBride Trevor J. , Ferlic-Stark Laura L. , Patel Kirtida D. , Piedra Felipe-Andres , Shah Dimpy P. , Chemaly Roy F. , Piedra Pedro A. 

TITLE=Antigenic Site-Specific Competitive Antibody Responses to the Fusion Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Were Associated With Viral Clearance in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Adults

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00706

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00706

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Recent studies of human sera showed that the majority of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) neutralizing antibodies are directed against pre-fusion conformation of the fusion (F) protein of RSV and revealed the importance of pre-fusion antigenic site Ø specific antibodies. However, detailed analysis of multiple antigenic site-specific competitive antibody responses to RSV F protein and their contribution to virus clearance in humans are lacking.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> We prospectively enrolled a cohort of RSV infected hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) adults (<italic>n</italic> = 40). Serum samples were collected at enrollment (acute, <italic>n</italic> = 40) and 14 to 60 days post-enrollment (convalescent, <italic>n</italic> = 40). Antigenic site-specific F protein antibodies were measured against pre-fusion site Ø, post-fusion site I, and sites II and IV present in both the pre-fusion and post-fusion F protein conformations utilizing four different competitive antibody assays developed with biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) D25, 131-2A, palivizumab, and 101F, respectively. The lower limit of detection were 7.8 and 1.0 μg/mL for the competitive antibody assays that measured site Ø specific response, as well as sites I, II, and IV specific responses, respectively. Neutralizing antibody titers to RSV A and B subgroups was determined by microneutralization assays.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> The overall findings in RSV infected HCT adults revealed: (1) a significant increase in antigenic site-specific competitive antibodies in convalescent sera except for site Ø competitive antibody (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01); (2) comparable concentrations in the acute and convalescent serum samples of antigenic site-specific competitive antibodies between RSV/A and RSV/B infected HCT adults (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05); (3) significantly increased concentrations of the antigenic site-specific competitive antibodies in HCT adults who had genomic RSV detected in the upper respiratory tract for &lt;14 days compared to those for ≥14 days (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01); and (4) statistically significant correlation between the antigenic site-specific competitive antibody concentrations and neutralizing antibody titers against RSV/A and RSV/B (r ranged from 0.33 to 0.83 for acute sera, and 0.50–0.88 for convalescent sera; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05).</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> In RSV infected HCT adults, antigenic site-specific antibody responses were induced against multiple antigenic sites found in both the pre-fusion and post-fusion F conformations, and were associated with a more rapid viral clearance and neutralizing antibody activity. However, the association is not necessarily the cause and the consequence.</p>