AUTHOR=Kamburova Elena G. , Kardol-Hoefnagel Tineke , Wisse Bram W. , Joosten Irma , Allebes Wil A. , van der Meer Arnold , Hilbrands Luuk B. , Baas Marije C. , Spierings Eric , Hack Cornelis E. , van Reekum Franka E. , van Zuilen Arjan D. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Bots Michiel L. , Drop Adriaan C. A. D. , Plaisier Loes , Meeldijk Jan , Bovenschen Niels , Seelen Marc A. J. , Sanders Jan Stephan , Hepkema Bouke G. , Lambeck Annechien J. A. , Bungener Laura B. , Roozendaal Caroline , Tilanus Marcel G. J. , Voorter Christina E. , Wieten Lotte , van Duijnhoven Elly M. , Gelens Mariëlle A. C. J. , Christiaans Maarten H. L. , van Ittersum Frans J. , Nurmohamed Shaikh A. , Lardy Neubury M. , Swelsen Wendy , van der Pant Karlijn A. M. I. , van der Weerd Neelke C. , ten Berge Ineke J. M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , van der Boog Paul J. M. , de Fijter Johan W. , Betjes Michiel G. H. , Heidt Sebastiaan , Roelen Dave L. , Claas Frans H. , Otten Henny G. TITLE=Development and Validation of a Multiplex Non-HLA Antibody Assay for the Screening of Kidney Transplant Recipients JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=9 YEAR=2018 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03002 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2018.03002 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

The best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease is kidney transplantation. Although graft survival rates have improved in the last decades, patients still may lose their grafts partly due to the detrimental effects of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) against human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and to a lesser extent also by antibodies directed against non-HLA antigens expressed on the donor endothelium. Assays to detect anti-HLA antibodies are already in use for many years and have been proven useful for transplant risk stratification. Currently, there is a need for assays to additionally detect multiple non-HLA antibodies simultaneously in order to study their clinical relevance in solid organ transplantation. This study describes the development, technical details and validation of a high-throughput multiplex assay for the detection of antibodies against 14 non-HLA antigens coupled directly to MagPlex microspheres or indirectly via a HaloTag. The non-HLA antigens have been selected based on a literature search in patients with kidney disease or following transplantation. Due to the flexibility of the assay, this approach can be used to include alternative antigens and can also be used for screening of other organ transplant recipients, such as heart and lung.