AUTHOR=Goyvaerts Cleo , Breckpot Karine 

TITLE=The Journey of in vivo Virus Engineered Dendritic Cells From Bench to Bedside: A Bumpy Road

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02052

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2018.02052

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Dendritic cells (DCs) are recognized as highly potent antigen-presenting cells that are able to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses with antitumor activity. Consequently, DCs have been explored as cellular vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. To that end, DCs are modified with tumor antigens to enable presentation of antigen-derived peptides to CTLs. In this review we discuss the use of viral vectors for <italic>in situ</italic> modification of DCs, focusing on their clinical applications as anticancer vaccines. Among the viral vectors discussed are those derived from viruses belonging to the families of the <italic>Poxviridae, Adenoviridae, Retroviridae, Togaviridae, Paramyxoviridae</italic>, and <italic>Rhabdoviridae</italic>. We will further shed light on how the combination of viral vector-based vaccination with T-cell supporting strategies will bring this strategy to the next level.</p>