AUTHOR=Snapper Clifford M. TITLE=Distinct Immunologic Properties of Soluble Versus Particulate Antigens JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=9 YEAR=2018 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00598 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2018.00598 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

Antigens in particulate form have distinct immunologic properties relative to soluble antigens. An understanding of the mechanisms and functional consequences of the distinct immunologic pathways engaged by these different forms of antigen is particularly relevant to the design of vaccines. It is also relevant regarding the use of therapeutic human proteins in clinical medicine that have been shown to aggregate, and perhaps as a result, elicit autoantibodies.