AUTHOR=Schatz Valentin , Neubert Patrick , Rieger Franz , Jantsch Jonathan 

TITLE=Hypoxia, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α, and Innate Antileishmanial Immune Responses

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00216

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2018.00216

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Low oxygen environments and accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are features of infected and inflamed tissues. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on oxygen levels found in <italic>Leishmania</italic>-infected tissues and discuss which mechanisms potentially contribute to local tissue oxygenation in leishmanial lesions. Moreover, we review the role of hypoxia and HIF-1 on innate antileishmanial immune responses.</p>