AUTHOR=Huang Yugang , Qi HouBao , Zhang Zhiqian , Wang Enlin , Yun Huan , Yan Hui , Su Xiaomin , Liu Yingquan , Tang Zenzen , Gao Yunhuan , Shang Wencong , Zhou Jiang , Wang Tianze , Che Yongzhe , Zhang Yuan , Yang Rongcun 

TITLE=Gut REG3γ-Associated Lactobacillus Induces Anti-inflammatory Macrophages to Maintain Adipose Tissue Homeostasis

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01063

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.01063

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p>Gut microbiota may not only affect composition of local immune cells but also affect systemic immune cells. However, it is not completely clear how gut microbiota modulate these immune systems. Here, we found that there exist expanded macrophage pools in <italic>huREG3</italic>γ<sup><italic>tgIEC</italic></sup> mice. REG3γ-associated <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>, which is homology to <italic>Lactobacillus Taiwanese</italic>, could enlarge macrophage pools not only in the small intestinal lamina propria but also in the spleen and adipose tissues. STAT3-mediated signal(s) was a critical factor in the <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>-mediated anti-inflammatory macrophages. We also offered evidence for critical cellular links among REG3γ-associated <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>, tissue macrophages, and obesity diseases. Anti-inflammatory macrophages in the lamina propria, which are induced by REG3γ-associated <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>, may migrate into adipose tissues and are involved in resistance against high-fat diet-mediated obesity. Thus, REG3γ-associated <italic>Lactobacillus</italic>-induced anti-inflammatory macrophages in gut tissues may play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis.</p>