AUTHOR=Rodenas María C. , Cabas Isabel , Gómez-González Nuria E. , Arizcun Marta , Meseguer José , Mulero Victoriano , García-Ayala Alfonsa TITLE=Estrogens Promote the Production of Natural Neutralizing Antibodies in Fish through G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1 JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=8 YEAR=2017 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00736 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00736 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=
Natural antibodies play crucial roles in pathogen elimination, B-cell survival and homeostasis, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although estrogens are able to regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, their role in the production of natural antibodies is unknown. Here, we show that the dietary intake of the synthetic estradiol analog, 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), one of the most potent pharmaceutical estrogens and intensively used in human therapeutics as a component of most oral contraceptives, regulates the abundance and proliferation of T and IgM+ B lymphocytes in the teleost fish gilthead seabream (