AUTHOR=Albarracin Leonardo , Kobayashi Hisakazu , Iida Hikaru , Sato Nana , Nochi Tomonori , Aso Hisashi , Salva Susana , Alvarez Susana , Kitazawa Haruki , Villena Julio 

TITLE=Transcriptomic Analysis of the Innate Antiviral Immune Response in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Influence of Immunobiotic Lactobacilli

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00057

DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00057

ISSN=1664-3224

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</italic> CRL1505 and <italic>Lactobacillus plantarum</italic> CRL1506 are immunobiotic strains able to increase protection against viral intestinal infections as demonstrated in animal models and humans. To gain insight into the host–immunobiotic interaction, the transcriptomic response of porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells to the challenge with viral molecular associated pattern poly(I:C) and the changes in the transcriptomic profile induced by the immunobiotics strains CRL1505 and CRL1506 were investigated in this work. By using microarray technology and reverse transcription PCR, we obtained a global overview of the immune genes involved in the innate antiviral immune response in PIE cells. Stimulation of PIE cells with poly(I:C) significantly increased the expression of <italic>IFN-</italic>α and <italic>IFN-</italic>β, several interferon-stimulated genes, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. It was also determined that lactobacilli differently modulated immune gene expression in poly(I:C)-challenged PIE cells. Most notable changes were found in antiviral factors (<italic>IFN-</italic>α, <italic>IFN-</italic>β, <italic>NPLR3, OAS1, OASL, MX2</italic>, and <italic>RNASEL</italic>) and cytokines/chemokines (<italic>IL-1</italic>β, <italic>IL-6, CCL4, CCL5</italic>, and <italic>CXCL10</italic>) that were significantly increased in lactobacilli-treated PIE cells. Immunobiotics reduced the expression of <italic>IL-15</italic> and <italic>RAE1</italic> genes that mediate poly(I:C) inflammatory damage. In addition, lactobacilli treatments increased the expression <italic>PLA2G4A, PTGES</italic>, and <italic>PTGS2</italic> that are involved in prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis<italic>. L. rhamnosus</italic> CRL1505 and <italic>L. plantarum</italic> CRL1506 showed quantitative and qualitative differences in their capacities to modulate the innate antiviral immune response in PIE cells, which would explain the higher capacity of the CRL1505 strain when compared to CRL1506 to protect against viral infection and inflammatory damage <italic>in vivo</italic>. These results provided valuable information for the deeper understanding of the host–immunobiotic interaction and their effect on antiviral immunity. The comprehensive transcriptomic analyses successfully identified a group of genes (<italic>IFN-</italic>β, <italic>RIG1, RNASEL, MX2, A20, IL27, CXCL5, CCL4, PTGES</italic>, and <italic>PTGER4</italic>), which can be used as prospective biomarkers for the screening of new antiviral immunobiotics in PIE cells and for the development of novel functional food and feeds, which may help to prevent viral infections.</p>