AUTHOR=Garg Abhishek D. , Galluzzi Lorenzo , Apetoh Lionel , Baert Thais , Birge Raymond B. , Bravo-San Pedro José Manuel , Breckpot Karine , Brough David , Chaurio Ricardo , Cirone Mara , Coosemans An , Coulie Pierre G. , De Ruysscher Dirk , Dini Luciana , de Witte Peter , Dudek-Peric Aleksandra M. , Faggioni Alberto , Fucikova Jitka , Gaipl Udo S. , Golab Jakub , Gougeon Marie-Lise , Hamblin Michael R. , Hemminki Akseli , Herrmann Martin , Hodge James W. , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Krysko Dmitri V. , Land Walter G. , Madeo Frank , Manfredi Angelo A. , Mattarollo Stephen R. , Maueroder Christian , Merendino Nicolò , Multhoff Gabriele , Pabst Thomas , Ricci Jean-Ehrland , Riganti Chiara , Romano Erminia , Rufo Nicole , Smyth Mark J. , Sonnemann Jürgen , Spisek Radek , Stagg John , Vacchelli Erika , Vandenabeele Peter , Vandenberk Lien , Van den Eynde Benoit J. , Van Gool Stefaan , Velotti Francesca , Zitvogel Laurence , Agostinis Patrizia TITLE=Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death JOURNAL=Frontiers in Immunology VOLUME=6 YEAR=2015 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588 DOI=10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588 ISSN=1664-3224 ABSTRACT=

The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of the so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation.