AUTHOR=VanBerlo Blake , Wong Alexander , Hoey Jesse , Arntfield Robert TITLE=Intra-video positive pairs in self-supervised learning for ultrasound JOURNAL=Frontiers in Imaging VOLUME=3 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/imaging/articles/10.3389/fimag.2024.1416114 DOI=10.3389/fimag.2024.1416114 ISSN=2813-3315 ABSTRACT=Introduction

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a strategy for addressing the paucity of labelled data in medical imaging by learning representations from unlabelled images. Contrastive and non-contrastive SSL methods produce learned representations that are similar for pairs of related images. Such pairs are commonly constructed by randomly distorting the same image twice. The videographic nature of ultrasound offers flexibility for defining the similarity relationship between pairs of images.

Methods

We investigated the effect of utilizing proximal, distinct images from the same B-mode ultrasound video as pairs for SSL. Additionally, we introduced a sample weighting scheme that increases the weight of closer image pairs and demonstrated how it can be integrated into SSL objectives.

Results

Named Intra-Video Positive Pairs (IVPP), the method surpassed previous ultrasound-specific contrastive learning methods' average test accuracy on COVID-19 classification with the POCUS dataset by ≥ 1.3%. Detailed investigations of IVPP's hyperparameters revealed that some combinations of IVPP hyperparameters can lead to improved or worsened performance, depending on the downstream task.

Discussion

Guidelines for practitioners were synthesized based on the results, such as the merit of IVPP with task-specific hyperparameters, and the improved performance of contrastive methods for ultrasound compared to non-contrastive counterparts.