AUTHOR=Söderström Pelle , Horne Merle , Frid Johan , Roll Mikael 

TITLE=Pre-Activation Negativity (PrAN) in Brain Potentials to Unfolding Words

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00512

DOI=10.3389/fnhum.2016.00512

ISSN=1662-5161

ABSTRACT=<p>We describe an event-related potential (ERP) effect termed the “pre-activation negativity” (PrAN), which is proposed to index the degree of pre-activation of upcoming word-internal morphemes in speech processing. Using lexical competition measures based on word-initial speech fragments (WIFs), as well as statistical analyses of ERP data from three experiments, it is shown that the PrAN is sensitive to lexical competition and that it reflects the degree of predictive certainty: the negativity is larger when there are fewer upcoming lexical competitors.</p>