AUTHOR=Weingram Adam , Cui Carolyn , Lin Stephanie , Munoz Samuel , Jacob Toby , Viers Joshua , Lu Xiaoyi TITLE=A definition and taxonomy of digital twins: case studies with machine learning and scientific applications JOURNAL=Frontiers in High Performance Computing VOLUME=3 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/high-performance-computing/articles/10.3389/fhpcp.2025.1536501 DOI=10.3389/fhpcp.2025.1536501 ISSN=2813-7337