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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Glob. Womens Health
Sec. Sex and Gender Differences in Disease
Volume 6 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1523901
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Nigeria is among the countries with the top 10 highest burdens of infectious and zoonotic diseases worldwide. There is a correspondingly high rate of antimicrobial use and misuse in humans and animals, leading to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobial Resistance has a very high impact on women and girls as they form the majority of health workers at community level as well as being the main care givers and livestock custodians in the home, most likely to prescribe, purchase or administer antibiotics. However, there is very little information about gendered aspects of AMR in Nigeria. This paper undertakes a scoping review of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria through a gender lens, looking at how sex and gender interact with antimicrobial resistance and efforts to mitigate its negative effects Methods A PRISMA scoping review was conducted for peer-reviewed articles published from the year 2000, describing studies in Nigeria on AMR, infectious disease treatment (including treatment seeking behaviour) and access and experiences of healthcare, which either take an explicit gender approach or include sex/gender as a key variable.Studies show clear gender differences in levels of disease risk/resistance, health-seeking behaviour and patterns of access to healthcare (including antimicrobials). Despite the fact that these patterns are clearly recognised across multiple publications in different settings, , , we did not find evidence of a corresponding analysis of how gender might reinforce these vulnerabilities.Gendered aspects of infectious diseases, antimicrobial access and resistance are documented in Nigeria, albeit often incidentally. This data should be taken into account when considering the AMR problem and in the design of various interventions and the design of various interventions towards improving AMR and One Health in Nigeria.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), gender, inequity, infectious diseases, Nigeria
Received: 06 Nov 2024; Accepted: 27 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Majekodunmi, Aworh, Mbadiwe, Oluwarore, Ndahi and Kwange. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Ayodele Oluwakemi Majekodunmi, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Abuja, Nigeria
Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
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