Niguss Cherie
Mulumebet Abera2- 1Reproductive and Family Health Department, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
- 2Population and Family Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Background: In Ethiopia, different fragmented studies have been conducted to assess the determinants and uptake of postpartum modern family planning services. There is discrepancy and inconsistency among reported studies on postpartum modern family planning service uptake. The scoping review aimed to collect evidence on postnatal birth control service use and supply a chance to spot key ideas and gaps to research, policy revision, and changes in strategies.
Methods: There were different process steps in this scoping review which included analysis questions, distinctive relevant studies, study choice, charting the information, and eventually collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. A search was conducted through scientific databases like PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Hinari, and Google Scholar. The first outcome of this scoping review was postpartum family planning service uptake after childbirth in Ethiopia. The Preferable Reporting Information in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow diagram was used to select and summarize the selection procedure of the articles. The information of the chosen studies was sorted using the subsequent categories: authors, year of publication, study location, main study objective, and method employed for information analyses.
Results: A total of 1,607 records were reclaimed from the database searches and reference list review. A total of 596 articles were identified in PubMed, 375 in CINAHL, 576 in Hinari, and 60 records in Google Scholar. A total of 1,607 literature studies were checked for replication, and 840 records were excluded. The bulk of articles (n = 420) were excluded because they did not focus on postpartum family planning service, and 322 articles were excluded due to study setting discrepancy. The remaining 28 full-text articles were read in full using the preidentified inclusion criteria and included in the scoping review for analysis.
Conclusion: Generally, this scoping review identified different fragmented and inconsistent research findings on the uptake of postpartum modern family planning in Ethiopia. Almost all studies were observational studies that lack interventional study designs to provide evidence-based interventions to improve postpartum family planning uptake. There is a definite need for further interventional and qualitative research to improve early postpartum family planning service uptake that improves maternal and child health.
Introduction
Postpartum contraception is outlined as women who have ever used any kind of modern birth control technique at intervals for the primary 6 weeks after giving birth (1). Postpartum women have among the highest unmet need for family planning to promote longer birth intervals. Postpartum family planning (PPFP) contributes to the reduction of unplanned and unintended pregnancy and further contributes to the reduction of maternal and newborn deaths (2).
Globally, over 90% of mothers have needs to prevent pregnancy especially the first year after delivery (3, 4). Across the world, efforts to decrease maternal mortality have gained momentum, significantly in light of the sustainable goal agenda that states by 2030 no country ought to have a maternal mortality magnitude relation above 70 per 100,000 live births (5, 6). Conversely, many mothers begin sexual intercourse within the first month after child birth without contraceptive use (5, 6). Actually, postpartum modern family planning service uptake is inconsistent in sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia (7–10).
Based on to the World Health Organization (WHO), a technical consultation committee for higher maternal and child health outcomes, a need of a minimum of 2 years interval following a childbirth is suggested before getting pregnant once again (2, 4). In Ethiopia, the risk of narrow pregnancy interval among mothers sexually active in 12–23 months of the postnatal period is 72%; however, it decreases to 64% and 70% for mothers in the first 6 months of the postnatal period (8, 10–13).
According to the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2019, the maternal mortality quantitative relation was 412 per 100,000 live births (14). By employing a contraceptive, mothers will attain their fertility objective by providing for them to avoid their pregnancies and frontier numbers of births (8, 15–19). Ethiopia is one among the developing countries that has achieved a speedy increase in its trendy contraceptive prevalence rate increasing from 10% in 2005 to 60% in 2019 (20). Despite the increase in contraceptive usage, unmet postpartum modern family planning still remains high (3, 12, 20–24). The postpartum period may be a vital time to deal with unmet family planning needs and to cut back the risks associated with closely spaced pregnancies (4). The recommended appropriate stages to use different family planning methods after childbirth can be immediate postnatal (with 48 h), early postnatal (within 42 days), and extended postnatal periods (within 12 months). Totally, different studies show that some mothers became pregnant early within the postnatal period (19), on condition that there is a start of sexual issues, resulting in mothers seeking FP technique (5, 8).
In Ethiopia, a lot of fragmented studies are conducted to assess the uptake and determinants of postpartum modern family planning service uptake. According to these separate studies, postpartum modern family planning service uptake in Ethiopia ranged from 12.5%–80.3% (6, 8, 12, 19, 20, 25–35). From the reports of those studies, there was a variation and inconsistency associated with the uptake of the service throughout the country (8, 13, 27, 29, 36).
This scoping review aimed to explore gaps on postpartum birth prevention service and inform the event of targeted interventions and services to prevent short pregnancy intervals, which is a cause of maternal and child deaths. The objective of this scoping review is to collect evidence on postnatal birth control service use and supply a chance to spot key ideas and gaps to research, policy revision, and changes in strategies. It is important to extract literature studies to analyze the knowledge gaps and unexplored areas of research for potential intervention plans. The findings of this scoping review can even be accustomed to influence scientific inquiry, policy, and follow postpartum family planning. It is also important to identify research gaps and priority areas to researchers, policymakers, and local planners.
Methods
Design
We used different steps to conduct this scoping study that has distinctive role in the research question, study choice, charting the information, and eventually organizing, summarizing, and reporting the results of both quantitative and qualitative studies. Elucidating and linking the aim and analysis question; leveling its implementation with extensiveness and exhaustiveness of the scoping process; extracting data; incorporating a numerical outline, and considering the importance of study findings to policy, follow, or research; and incorporating discussion with stakeholders as a needed data conversation were elements of this scoping study methodology.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Studies were enclosed during this scoping review if they met the following inclusion criteria: studies conducted in Ethiopia, empirical and experimental studies, and every study conducted at the community or health facility level; studies reported the end result of interest postpartum family planning service use; articles published in English and published and unpublished articles were enclosed. Articles that were not readily available for complete access or those that proved to be difficult to contact their primary authors were excluded from this review.
Search
A search of the scientific literature was conducted and four electronic databases using the inclusion and exclusion criteria identified: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Hinari, and Google Scholar. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus and keyword terms will be used both in separation and in combination using Boolean operators like “OR” and “AND” to search for eligible articles to be included in the analysis.
The literature databases were searched using a list of keywords and synonyms. The search engine that used the key phrase “postpartum family planning service use” through phrases, synonyms, key words, and proximity searching searched for two or more words in close proximity to one another. As an example, the PubMed database was searched as follows. Search (“postpartum family planning service use” OR “postpartum family planning service utilization” OR “postpartum family planning service uptake” OR “post-natal family planning service use” OR “post-natal family planning service uptake” OR “post-natal family planning service utilization” AND Ethiopia). Advanced search was done by MeSH terms and all fields. The search for published and unpublished studies was conducted from January 1, 2011, to January 1, 2021, and all the articles published from January 1, 2011, to February 1, 2021, were included in this scoping review.
Outcome of the study
The primary outcome of this scoping review was postpartum family planning service use after childbirth in Ethiopia. In this review, articles that defined postpartum family planning use as women who were using any modern family planning methods to prevent unintended pregnancy after childbirth was included.
Selection of studies for review
All studies retrieved through search strategy were imported to EndNote X9 to exclude duplicates. After excluding the duplicated articles, title, abstract and full-text reading was used independently to select studies. The Preferable Reporting Information in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) flow diagram was applied to summarize and synthesize the selection procedure and process of the articles.
Charting of key information and summarizing of results
The information of the chosen studies was sorted in steps with the subsequent categories: authors, year of publication, study location, main study objective, and method employed for information analyses. For all quantitative studies, we had a tendency to additionally chart the uptake estimates for postpartum family planning service use. For qualitative studies, we had a tendency to explore the themes most reported by the authors and the way they were found to clarify the use/nonuse of contraceptives in a given context. All extracted data were mapped in information charting forms. Within the method of synthetizing the findings for this scoping review, the investigator repeatedly reviewed the extracted literature studies.
Results
Search result
A total of 1,607 records were searched from the catalogue searches and references review. PubMed generated 596 articles, CINAHL generated 375 articles, Hinari generated 576 and Google scholar identified 60 records through reference list review. A total of 1,607 records were assessed for duplication and 840 records were excluded. The bulk of articles (n = 420) were excluded because the outcome did not focus on postpartum family planning service use and 319 articles were excluded because the study did not occur in Ethiopia. The remaining 28 full-text articles were read in full using the preidentified inclusion criteria. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 28 articles were included in this scoping review for analysis. The PRISMA flow diagram summarizes this process (Figure 1).
Figure 1. PRISMA flow chart diagram describing the selection of studies for the scoping review of postpartum family planning use among postpartum women in Ethiopia, 2021. PRISMA, Preferable Reporting Information in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Characteristics of original studies
Among the included studies, 21 articles were observational studies with cross-sectional study design, 2 were longitudinal follow-up studies, 2 were quasi-experimental studies, 2 were systematic reviews, and 1 article was a qualitative key informant interview study. A total of 19,322 participants were included in the analysis.
The sample sizes of the investigations range from a minimum of 17 (37) to a maximum of 1,162 (38). Studies in this systematic review reported that the prevalence of postpartum modern family planning utilization among women in Ethiopia ranged from 10.3%, study done at Oromia Regional State (39), to 80.3%, a study done at Addis Ababa (34). Regarding the geographical area, the included 28 studies were done in different regions of the country such as Tigray (4), Amhara (7), Oromia (6), southern nations nationalities and people region (SNNPR) (7), Somali (1), and Addis Ababa city administration (3).
In this scoping review, from the searched and analyzed literature studies, little is known about interventional study designs. There is discrepancy and inconsistency about early postpartum modern family planning service uptake from the literature. Most of the literature studies were centered on extended postnatal birth control services uptake; however, early postpartum modern family planning service uptake with barriers and facilitators was not explored in Ethiopia. No qualitative studies regarded barriers and facilitators of immediate postpartum family planning (IPPFP) service uptake. Access and variations in utilization rates of postnatal birth control of postnatal mothers differed greatly between studies. Objectives, practical implications, and limitations of each included study were identified and reported in the result summary table (Table 1).
Table 1. Overview of included studies’ characteristics for postpartum family planning service uptake in Ethiopia: scoping review.
Gaps in literature studies
In this scoping review, from the searched and analyzed literature studies, little is known about interventional study designs (Figure 2). There is discrepancy and inconsistency about early postpartum modern family planning service uptake from the literature. Most of the literature studies were centered on extended postnatal birth control services uptake; however, early postpartum modern family planning service uptake with barriers and facilitators was not explored in Ethiopia. There was a lack of qualitative studies concerning barriers and facilitators of early postpartum family planning service uptake.
Figure 2. Summarized study designs in the scoping review on mapping evidence on postpartum modern family planning service uptake among postpartum women in Ethiopia, 2021.
Discussion
A wide knowledge and research gap on postpartum family planning service was identified through this scoping review of the scientific literature. Ethiopia is one of the geographical countries that has achieved a speedy increase in its trendy contraceptive prevalence rate increasing from 10% in 2005 to 60% in 2019 (20). Despite the speedy increase in contraceptive uptake, the unmet need for postpartum birth prevention still remains high (3, 12, 20–24). The postpartum period may be a vital time to deal with unmet family planning needs and to cut back the risks associated with closely spaced pregnancies(4). Totally different studies show that some mothers became pregnant early within the postnatal period (19).
In Ethiopia, a lot of fragmented studies are conducted to assess the uptake and determinants of postpartum contraceptive use. These separate studies showed that uptake of postnatal contraceptive use in Ethiopia ranged from 12.5% to 80.3% (6, 8, 12, 19, 20, 25–35). From the reports of those studies, there was a variation and inconsistency associated with the uptake of postnatal contraceptive use throughout the country (8, 13, 27, 29, 36).
Research articles focus on describing postnatal family planning service use in nonspecific ways in which the bulk of findings on postnatal family planning has targeted on extended postnatal period. There is very little evidence that shows the effectiveness of mobile health interventions to boost immediate postnatal family planning service within the initial 45 days after childbirth that is vital to prevent unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortions, and planning desires among mothers in Ethiopia.
This scoping review shows the requirement for research inquiry to know the effectiveness of intervention on controlled community trial studies, particularly the application of telemedicine, to boost postnatal family planning service uptake to improve maternal and child health in Ethiopia. A deep investigation of practicability and effectiveness of mobile health interventions for postpartum family planning uptake, avoid barriers, and improve community support is required to advocate postpartum family planning in Ethiopia.
Limitations of the review
The limitation of the studies was the lack of appropriate study designs/interventional and qualitative studies to provide evidence-based information for improved postpartum modern family planning services uptake and reduce the burden of adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with poor uptake.
Conclusion
Generally, this scoping review identified different fragmented and inconsistent research findings on the uptake of postpartum modern family planning in Ethiopia. Almost all were observational studies that lacked interventional study designs to provide evidence-based interventions to improve postpartum family planning uptake at early stage of postnatal period to prevent unwanted and narrow birth interval pregnancies.
Recommendations
This scoping review highlights a definite need for the development of further research to improve immediate postpartum family planning service use that improves maternal and child health. Beyond the existing maternal and child healthcare approach, there is a need for investigation on the effectiveness of mobile health interventions needed to improve immediate postpartum family planning service use. As we continue with our efforts to accelerate the average annual reduction rate in maternal and neonatal mortality and to achieve sustainable development targets, an increased focus on studies of immediate postpartum family planning service use merits immediate attention.
Author contributions
NC: conceptualization, execution, analysis, and interpretation, revising, or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; liaised with the journal the article has been submitted; and conform to be in charge of all aspects of the work. MA: critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; liaised with the journal the article has been submitted. GT: conceptualization, critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; agreed to submit the journal the article has been submitted and published.
Funding
Jimma University has funded this research work.
Acknowledgments
First, we would like to thank Jimma University institute of health for facilitation of review, searching, and overall support.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Abbreviations
ANC, ante natal care; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey; FP, family planning; IPPFP, immediate postpartum family planning; IG, intervention group; MWH, maternal waiting home; NIG, nonintervention group; LARC, long acting reversible contraceptives; LMIC, low and middle income countries; PNC, post natal care; PPFP, postpartum family planning; PRISMA, Preferable Reporting Information in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; SNNPR, southern nations nationalities and people region; USAID, United States action aid; WHO, World Health Organization
References
1. Aiken ARA. With smart strategies, immediate postpartum LARC is possible. BJOG An Int J Obstet Gynaecol. (2017) 124(13):2016. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14728
2. WHO. Postnatal care for mothers and newborns: highlights from the World Health Organization 2013 guidelines. Postnatal Care Guidelines (2015). 1–8.
3. Futures C, Assistance IM. Postpartum contraception: unmet need: fertility preferences (2001). 1–13.
5. Mekonnen BD. Factors associated with early resumption of sexual intercourse among women during extended postpartum period in Northwest Ethiopia. J Contracept Reprod Med. (2020) 5:19. doi: 10.1186/s40834-020-00124-7
6. Dona A, Abera M, Alemu T, Hawaria D. Timely initiation of postpartum contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women of child bearing age in Aroressa District, Southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. (2018) 18:1100. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5981-9
7. Tg D, Demissew T, Tk H, Workineh F, Hg L. Postpartum family planning utilization among postpartum women in public health institutions of Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. J Womens Health Care. (2018) 7(2). doi: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000426
8. Harrison MS, Goldenberg RL. Immediate postpartum use of long-acting reversible contraceptives in low- and middle-income countries. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. (2017) 3:24. doi: 10.1186/s40748-017-0063-z
9. Marta B, Berta M, Feleke A, Abate T, Worku T. Utilization and associated factors of modern contraceptives during extended postpartum period among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Gondar town. BMC Womens Health. (2015) 15:19. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0178-1
10. At N. Postpartum family planning utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the past 12 months, Kebribeyah Town, Somali Region. J Womens Health Care. (2016) 5(6). doi: 10.4172/2167-0420.1000340
11. McKaig C, Chase R. Postpartum Family Planning Technical Consultation-Meeting Report. Baltimore, Maryland: JHPIEGO (2006).
12. Abraha TH, Teferra AS, Gelagay AA. Postpartum modern contraceptive use in northern Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors. Epidemiol Health. (2017) 39:e2017012. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017012
13. Mengesha ZB, Worku AG, Feleke SA. Contraceptive adoption in the extended postpartum period is low in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. (2015) 15:160. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0598-9
15. Taye EB, Mekonen DG, Debele TZ. Prevalence of post partum modern family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Tabor. BMC Res Notes. (2019) 12:430.doi: 10.1186/s13104-019-4464-0
16. Sitrin D, Jima GH, Pfitzer A, Wondimu C, Belete TW, Pleah T, et al. Effect of integrating postpartum family planning into the health extension program in Ethiopia on postpartum adoption of modern contraception. J Global Health Rep. (2020) 4:e2020058. doi: 10.29392/001c.13511
17. Tang JH, Kopp DM, Stuart GS, O’Shea M, Stanley CC, Hosseinipour MC, et al. Association between contraceptive implant knowledge and intent with implant uptake among postpartum Malawian women: a prospective cohort study. Contracept Reprod Med. (2016) 1:13. doi: 10.1186/s40834-016-0026-1
18. Thomas E, Pfitzer A, Blanchard H, Charurat E, Sasser E, Healy S, et al. A guide for planning and implementing social and behavior change communication activities for postpartum family planning.
19. IPPFP DTHE. Planning for systematic scale-up of immediate postpartum family planning in the Agneby-Tiassa-Mé Health Region of Côte d’Ivoire (2017).
21. Dadi LS, Berhane M, Ahmed Y, Gudina EK, Berhanu T, Kim KH, et al. Maternal and newborn health services utilization in Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. J BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. (2019) 19:178. doi: 10.1186/s12884-019-2335-2
22. Wulifan JK, Brenner S, Jahn A, De Allegri M. A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries. BMC Womens Health. (2016) 16(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0281-3
23. Mahmoud H, Elweshahi T, Ismail G, Saad S, Sadek E, El-sharkawy OG. Unmet need for postpartum family planning in Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria J Med. (2018) 54(2):143–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajme.2017.03.003
24. Tegegn M, Arefaynie M, Tiruye TY. Unmet need for modern contraceptives and associated factors among women in the extended postpartum period in Dessie. J BMC Public Health. (2017) 1(9):1–9. doi: 10.1186/s40834-017-0048-3
25. Abera Y, Mengesha ZB, Tessema GA. Postpartum contraceptive use in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study. J BMC Women Health. (2015) 15(19):1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0178-1
26. Gonie A, Worku C, Assefa T, Bogale D, Girma A. Acceptability and factors associated with post-partum IUCD use among women who gave birth at bale zone health facilities. J Contracept Reprod Med. (2018) 3:16. doi: 10.1186/s40834-018-0071-z
27. Mihretie GN, Simegn A, Dereje A, Gebrehana H, Getie A, Getnet B, et al. Postpartum modern contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Addis Zemen, South Gondar, Ethiopia: community-based cross-sectional study. J BMC Women Health. (2020):1241–51.
28. Abebe TW, Mannekulih E. Focused family planning counseling increases immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device uptake: a quasi-experimental study. Open Access J Contracept. (2020).
29. Teklehaymanot A, Abraha H, Teferra AS, Addis A, Health P, Sciences H, et al. Postpartum modern contraceptive use and associated factors in northern Ethiopia. J PLoS ONE. (2017) 39:e2017012. doi: 10.4178/epih.e2017012
30. Abraha TH, Gebrezgiabher BB, Aregawi BG, Belay DS. Predictors of postpartum contraceptive use in rural Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis. J BMC Public Health. (2018):1–10.
31. Woldu BF, Ermolo TL, Lemu LG, Gejo NG. Long-acting reversible contraception utilization and associated factors among women in extended postpartum period in Hossana town, southern Ethiopia: cross sectional study. J PLoS ONE. (2020) 6:1–6.
32. Gebeyehu N, Id G, Anshebo AA, Dinsa LH. Postpartum modern contraceptive use and associated factors in Hossana town. J Contracept Reprod Med. (2019):1–10.
33. Susuman AS, Bado A, Lailulo YA. Promoting family planning use after childbirth and desire to limit childbearing in Ethiopia. Reprod Health. (2014) 11:53. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-53
34. Gebremedhin AY, Kebede Y, Gelagay AA, Habitu YA. Family planning use and its associated factors among women in the extended postpartum period in Addis Ababa. J Contracept Reprod Med. (2018) 3:1. doi: 10.1186/s40834-017-0054-5
35. Abraha TH, Belay HS, Welay GM. Intentions on contraception use and its associated factors among postpartum women in Aksum town, Tigray region, northern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study. J BMC Public Health. (2018):1–8.
36. Ababa A, Belay L, Birara M. Factors affecting long-term and permanent contraceptive uptake among immediate post-partum mothers at Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical. Ethiopian J Reprod Health. (2018) 10(2):31–41.
37. Jima GH, Garbaba WB. Postpartum family planning utilization and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months prior to the study in Lode Hetosa District, South East Ethiopia. J Womens Health Care. (2020) 9(3):488. doi: 10.35248/21670420.20.9.488
38. Tessema GA, Mekonnen TT, Mengesha ZB, Tumlinson K. Association between skilled maternal healthcare and postpartum contraceptive use in Ethiopia. J BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. (2018) 18:172. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1790-5
39. Sonalkar S, Mody S, Phillips S, Gaffield ME. Programmatic aspects of postpartum family planning in developing countries: a qualitative analysis of key informant interviews in Kenya and Ethiopia. Afr J Reprod Health. (2013) 17(3).24069767
40. Asnake M, Tefera BB, Tilahun Y, Zerihun H, Moges F, Tasissa A, et al. Utilization of maternity waiting homes to increase uptake of immediate postpartum family planning in primary health care facilities in Ethiopia. Ethiopian J Health Dev. (2020).
41. Mehare T, Mekuriaw B, Belayneh Z, Sharew Y. Postpartum contraceptive use and its determinants in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Med. (2020) 2020:5174656. doi: 10.1155/2020/5174656
42. Tafere TE, Afework MF, Yalew AW. Counseling on family planning during ANC service increases the likelihood of postpartum family planning use in Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia. J Contracept Reprod Med. (2018) 3:28. doi: 10.1186/s40834-018-0081-x
43. Zimmerman L, Yi Y, Yihdego M, Abreha S, Shiferaw S, Seme A, et al. Effect of quality of maternal health services on postpartum family planning behavior in Ethiopia: results from a longitudinal survey. J BMC Public Health. (2019) 19:1448. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7703-3
44. Teka TT, Feyissa TR, Melka AS, Bobo FT. Role of antenatal and postnatal care in contraceptive use during postpartum period in western Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. (2018) 13:581. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3698-6
Keywords: postpartum family planning, Ethiopia, scoping review, maternal and child health, contraceptive use, controlled trials or longitudinal studies
Citation: Cherie N, Abera M and Tura G (2022) Mapping evidence on postpartum modern family planning service uptake among women in Ethiopia: A scoping review. Front. Glob. Womens Health 3:1043034. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1043034
Received: 13 September 2022; Accepted: 24 November 2022;
Published: 23 December 2022.
Edited by:
Collins Ouma, Maseno University, Kenya© 2022 Cherie, Abera and Tura. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Niguss Cherie nigucheru@gmail.com
Specialty Section: This article was submitted to Contraception and Family Planning, a section of the journal Frontiers in Global Women’s Health