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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Genet.
Sec. Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases
Volume 16 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fgene.2025.1497915
This article is part of the Research Topic Insights in Genetics of Common and Rare Diseases 2024 View all 11 articles
Novel variations in the PLOD1, COL1A1, COL5A2 and COL4A1 genes related to keratoconus
Provisionally accepted- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Purpose: To investigate the genetic characteristics of four Chinese families affected by keratoconus (KC).Methods: In the four families affected by KC, medical records, clinical observations, and blood samples were collected from all individuals. One hundred subjects without KC served as healthy controls. All controls and subjects in the four families underwent whole exome sequencing of their genomic DNA and polymerase chain reaction to confirm the variants. All variants were analyzed using online software; and in silico predictions of three-dimensional protein structures were performed. Results: The clinical manifestations in those first-degree family members of the probands were atypical. The following four variants were identified in the four probands and other family members with KC: heterozygous missense variation c.109G>A (p.Glu37Lys, rs369263247) in the procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) gene; heterozygous missense variation c.3766G>A (p.Ala1256Thr, rs148216434) in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene; heterozygous missense variant c.4364G>A (p.Gly1455Glu) in the collagen type V alpha 2 (COL5A2) gene; and missense variation c.976G>A (p.Glu326Ser) in the collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) gene. The above genotypes were co-segregated with corresponding phenotypes. All variations in these families appeared to be pathogenic.Conclusions: Four variants in the PLOD1, COL1A1, COL5A2, and COL4A1 genes were identified in this study, which are collagen-coding genes and collagen crosslink regulatory genes and may be associated with the origin and development of KC. This study updates the knowledge of genes related to KC and the biomedical implications.
Keywords: Keratoconus, Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1), collagen type V alpha 2, Collagen type I alpha 1, collagen type IV alpha 1, early diagnosis
Received: 18 Sep 2024; Accepted: 07 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Zhou, Wang, Peng, Han, Sun, Zhang and Zhou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Xingtao Zhou, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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