AUTHOR=Zhong Lan , Wang Wenxiang , Duan Yuanqiong , Song Liang , Li Zhanghuan , Yang Kaixuan , Li Qintong , Yin Rutie TITLE=A new subtype of Lynch syndrome associated with MSH2 c.354T>A (p. Y118*) identified in a Chinese family: case report and literature review JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics VOLUME=15 YEAR=2024 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2024.1440179 DOI=10.3389/fgene.2024.1440179 ISSN=1664-8021 ABSTRACT=Background

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder caused by mutations in mismatch repair genes. Genetic counseling is crucial for the prevention and treatment of LS, as individuals with these mutations have an increased lifetime risk of developing multiple cancers. MutS Homolog 2 (MSH2) is a protein-coding gene that plays a key role in LS. A significant number of LS cases are linked to harmful heterozygous mutations in the MSH2 gene.

Case Presentation

The proband was a 50-year-old endometrial dedifferentiated carcinoma patient with a dMMR/MSI-H tumor negative for MSH2/MSH6 expression by immunohistochemistry. Genetic counseling and tumor gene testing were conducted using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, which revealed a previously unknown germline MSH2 gene nonsense mutation NM_000251.2:exon2.354T>A (p.Y118*), leading to a diagnosis of LS. Further analysis of this variant in five family members of the patient confirmed its presence in all individuals, with one family member being diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) at the age of 43. The proband received postoperative chemoradiotherapy and achieved a disease-free survival of 2 years, with ongoing follow-up.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that the MSH2 nonsense mutation c.354T>A is a highly likely pathogenic mutation and is responsible for typical LS-associated endometrial carcinoma. It emphasizes the importance of genetic counseling for proband family members to facilitate early diagnosis of LS-related carcinoma.