AUTHOR=Nie Yuanhua , Xu Longwen , Bai Zilong , Liu Yaoyao , Wang Shilong , Zeng Qingnuo , Gao Xuan , Xia Xuefeng , Chang Dongmin 

TITLE=Prognostic utility of TME-associated genes in pancreatic cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics

VOLUME=14

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1218774

DOI=10.3389/fgene.2023.1218774

ISSN=1664-8021

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a deadly disease. The tumor microenvironment (TME) participates in PC oncogenesis. This study focuses on the assessment of the prognostic and treatment utility of TME-associated genes in PC.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> After obtaining the differentially expressed TME-related genes, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify genes related to prognosis, and a risk model was established to evaluate risk scores, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, and it was validated by external data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC). Multiomics analyses were adopted to explore the potential mechanisms, discover novel treatment targets, and assess the sensitivities of immunotherapy and chemotherapy.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Five TME-associated genes, namely, <italic>FERMT1</italic>, <italic>CARD9</italic>, <italic>IL20RB</italic>, <italic>MET</italic>, and <italic>MMP3</italic>, were identified and a risk score formula constructed. Next, their mRNA expressions were verified in cancer and normal pancreatic cells. Multiple algorithms confirmed that the risk model displayed a reliable ability of prognosis prediction and was an independent prognostic factor, indicating that high-risk patients had poor outcomes. Immunocyte infiltration, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and single-cell analysis all showed a strong relationship between immune mechanism and low-risk samples. The risk score could predict the sensitivity of immunotherapy and some chemotherapy regimens, which included oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Various latent treatment targets (<italic>LAG3</italic>, <italic>TIGIT</italic>, and <italic>ARID1A</italic>) were addressed by mutation landscape based on the risk model.</p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The risk model based on TME-related genes can reflect the prognosis of PC patients and functions as a novel set of biomarkers for PC therapy.</p>