AUTHOR=Fanalli Simara Larissa , Silva Bruna Pereira Martins da , Gomes Julia Dezen , Durval Mariah Castro , Almeida Vivian Vezzoni de , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Silva-Vignato Bárbara , Afonso Juliana , Freitas Felipe André Oliveira , Reecy James Mark , Koltes James Eugene , Koltes Dawn , Garrick Dorian , Correia de Almeida Regitano Luciana , Balieiro Júlio Cesar de Carvalho , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Fukumasu Heidge , Alencar Severino Matias de , Luchiari Filho Albino , Cesar Aline Silva Mello TITLE=RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of pigs’ liver in response to diet with different sources of fatty acids JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics VOLUME=14 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2023.1053021 DOI=10.3389/fgene.2023.1053021 ISSN=1664-8021 ABSTRACT=

Pigs (Sus scrofa) are an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans. Pork is an important source of fatty acids (FAs) in the human diet, as it is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. The effects of dietary inclusion of oils such as canola, fish, and soybean oils on pig gene expression are mostly unknown. Our objective was to evaluate FA composition, identify changes in gene expression in the liver of male pigs fed diets enriched with different FA profiles, and identify impacted metabolic pathways and gene networks to enlighten the biological mechanisms’ variation. Large White male pigs were randomly allocated to one of three diets with 18 pigs in each; all diets comprised a base of corn and soybean meal to which either 3% of soybean oil (SOY), 3% canola oil (CO), or 3% fish oil (FO) was added for a 98-day trial during the growing and finishing phases. RNA sequencing was performed on the liver samples of each animal by Illumina technology for differential gene expression analyses, using the R package DESeq2. The diets modified the FA profile, mainly in relation to polyunsaturated and saturated FAs. Comparing SOY vs. FO, 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as being associated with metabolism, metabolic and neurodegenerative disease pathways, inflammatory processes, and immune response networks. Comparing CO vs. SOY, 148 DEGs were identified, with pathways related to FA oxidation, regulation of lipid metabolism, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Our results help explain the behavior of genes with differential expression in metabolic pathways resulting from feeding different types of oils in pig diets.