AUTHOR=Hu Lei-Ming , Ou Xue-Hai , Shi Shao-Yan 

TITLE=A comprehensive analysis of G-protein-signaling modulator 2 as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for pan-cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.984714

DOI=10.3389/fgene.2022.984714

ISSN=1664-8021

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> G-protein signaling modulator 2 (<italic>GPSM2</italic>) maintains cell polarization and regulates the cell cycle. Recent studies have shown that it is highly expressed in various tumors, but its pan-cancer analysis has not been reported.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> First, we analyzed the differential <italic>GPSM2</italic> expression in normal and cancer tissues by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and Human Protein Atlas databases and investigated its expression effect on the survival of cancer patients by gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 (GEPIA2). Second, we analyzed the <italic>GPSM2</italic> phosphorylation level using the clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium dataset. In addition, we investigated <italic>GPSM2</italic> gene mutations in human tumor specimens and the impact of gene mutations on patient survival. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between <italic>GPSM2</italic> expression and cellular immune infiltration through the TIMER 2.0 database. Meanwhile, the possible signaling pathway of the gene was analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO)| Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to explore its potential mechanism.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold><italic>GPSM2</italic> is overexpressed in most cancers, which leads to reduced overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival in patients. The results of phosphorylation analysis suggest that tumor development involves a complex <italic>GPSM2</italic> phosphorylation process. We identified <italic>GPSM2</italic> mutation loci with the highest frequency of mutations in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), and this mutation increased progression-free survival and overall survival in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma patients. Finally, we found that the role of <italic>GPSM2</italic> in tumors may be associated with cellular immune infiltration. Gene Ontology|KEGG pathway analysis showed that the enrichment pathways were mainly “mitotic nuclear division,” “chromosome segregation,” and “spindle.”</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Our pan-cancer analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the oncogenic roles and potential mechanisms of <italic>GPSM2</italic> in multiple human cancers.</p>