AUTHOR=Shen Yu , Peng Yun , Huang Pengcheng , Zheng Yilei , Li Shumeng , Jiang Kaiyan , Zhou Meihong , Deng Jianwen , Zhu Min , Hong Daojun 

TITLE=Juvenile-onset PSAT1-related neuropathy: A milder phenotype of serine deficiency disorder

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.949038

DOI=10.3389/fgene.2022.949038

ISSN=1664-8021

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Background:</bold> Primary serine deficiency disorders have a broad range of the phenotypic spectrum. As an inborn error of metabolism, individuals with severe phenotype may be easily recognized with Neu-Laxova syndrome. However, late-onset mild phenotypes may be underdiagnosed and will lead to disastrous consequences due to treatment delays.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods:</bold> Clinical features of patients with serine deficiency disorders were summarized in two unrelated patients. Skin and sural nerve biopsies were conducted on the patients. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the index patients. Sanger sequencing was used to analyze family cosegregation.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> Patient 1 was a 19-year-old male presenting with infancy-onset ichthyosis and juvenile-onset neuropathy. Patient 2 was a 17-year-old male manifesting childhood-onset ichthyosis and juvenile-onset neuropathy. Except for nystagmus, no other developmental or neurodegenerative disorders were found in the patients. Electrophysiological studies indicated a severe sensorimotor axonal neuropathy with a possible demyelinating component. High-dose oral L-serine and glycine completely alleviated skin lesions and only slightly improved neuropathy symptoms. Skin biopsies showed typical features consistent with ichthyosis and severe loss of unmyelinated axons. Sural biopsies revealed a severe loss of axons and a few thinly myelinated fibers. WES found the same homozygous variant c.43G &gt; C (<italic>p</italic>.A15P) in the <italic>PSAT1</italic> gene, which was cosegregated in the two families.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> The skin and nervous system may be the main affected targets in serine deficiency disorders. Our patients show a more simple and mild phenotype of <italic>PSAT1</italic>-related serine deficiency disorder. The pathological changes and regenerative ability of skin and peripheral nerves determine their response to serine supplements.</p>