AUTHOR=Torrezan Giovana T. , de Almeida Fernanda G. dos Santos R. , Figueiredo Márcia C. P. , Barros Bruna D. de Figueiredo , de Paula Cláudia A. A. , Valieris Renan , de Souza Jorge E. S. , Ramalho Rodrigo F. , da Silva Felipe C. C. , Ferreira Elisa N. , de Nóbrega Amanda F. , Felicio Paula S. , Achatz Maria I. , de Souza Sandro J. , Palmero Edenir I. , Carraro Dirce M. TITLE=Complex Landscape of Germline Variants in Brazilian Patients With Hereditary and Early Onset Breast Cancer JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics VOLUME=9 YEAR=2018 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2018.00161 DOI=10.3389/fgene.2018.00161 ISSN=1664-8021 ABSTRACT=

Pathogenic variants in known breast cancer (BC) predisposing genes explain only about 30% of Hereditary Breast Cancer (HBC) cases, whereas the underlying genetic factors for most families remain unknown. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic variants associated to HBC in 17 patients of Brazil with familial BC and negative for causal variants in major BC risk genes (BRCA1/2, TP53, and CHEK2 c.1100delC). First, we searched for rare variants in 27 known HBC genes and identified two patients harboring truncating pathogenic variants in ATM and BARD1. For the remaining 15 negative patients, we found a substantial vast number of rare genetic variants. Thus, for selecting the most promising variants we used functional-based variant prioritization, followed by NGS validation, analysis in a control group, cosegregation analysis in one family and comparison with previous WES studies, shrinking our list to 23 novel BC candidate genes, which were evaluated in an independent cohort of 42 high-risk BC patients. Rare and possibly damaging variants were identified in 12 candidate genes in this cohort, including variants in DNA repair genes (ERCC1 and SXL4) and other cancer-related genes (NOTCH2, ERBB2, MST1R, and RAF1). Overall, this is the first WES study applied for identifying novel genes associated to HBC in Brazilian patients, in which we provide a set of putative BC predisposing genes. We also underpin the value of using WES for assessing the complex landscape of HBC susceptibility, especially in less characterized populations.