AUTHOR=Cavalcante Ricardo S. , Souza Bruno S. , Duarte Iverson X. , Moraes Marcelo P. T. , Coelho Kunie I. R. , Griva Beatriz L. , Pereira Beatriz A. S. , Calvi Sueli A. , Betini Marluci , Mendes Rinaldo P. 

TITLE=Herpes simplex Virus Pneumonitis in an Acute/Subacute Paracoccidioidomycosis Patient With Malabsorption Syndrome. Case-Report and Literature Review

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Fungal Biology

VOLUME=2

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/fungal-biology/articles/10.3389/ffunb.2021.805502

DOI=10.3389/ffunb.2021.805502

ISSN=2673-6128

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Paracoccidioides</italic> sp.—<italic>Herpes simplex</italic> virus (HSV) co-infection was not reported until now and malabsorption syndrome is a rare complication of the acute/subacute form (AF) of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), characterized by life-threatening abnormalities, such as fat and protein loss, lymphopenia, ascites, and intense immunosuppression. A 21-year-old woman presented the PCM AF with intense involvement of the abdominal and intestinal lymphoid organs, which leads to the malabsorption syndrome and severe immunosuppression. This patient developed a fatal-disseminated HSV infection associated with the paracoccidioidal disease. This case demonstrates that, in addition to the antigen-specific immunosuppression, some PCM patients can present a generalized cell-mediated immune depression and endogenous infection of latent microorganisms. On the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between PCM and HSV infection.</p>