Sandra Paola García- Jácome ^1* Martin Jankovský ¹ Annechien Dirkje Hoeben ² Marcus Lindner ³ Sara Uzquiano ³ Tobias Stern ² Ondrej Nuhlíček ¹ Dijana Vuletić ⁴ Hrvoje Marjanovic ⁴ Juan Picos ⁵ Mikko Peltoniemi ⁶ Lukas Baumbach ⁷ Francisco Lloret ^8,9

• ¹ Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
• ² University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
• ³ European Forest Institute, Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
• ⁴ Croatian Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatia
• ⁵ School of Forest Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
• ⁶ Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
• ⁷ Chair of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
• ⁸ Ecological and Forestry Applications Research Center (CREAF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
• ⁹ Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

Climate change-associatedinduced disturbances such as storms, wildfires, and pest outbreaks increasingly destabilize forest systems, threatening their ecological, economic, and social functions.These disruptions impact the forest value chain (FVC) by causing fluctuations in timber supply, from a quantity and quality perspective. This study employed the Operational Resilience Framework (ORF) to assess FVC resilience in five European case studies (CZ, HR, DE, FIN, ESP), focusing on timber supply as a key system variable.A resilience assessment was conducted using resilience thresholds, considering sustainability from both ecological and economic perspectives. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified three predictor groups that influenced FVC resilience: Wood Production (WP), Harvesting Systems (HS), and Management and Silviculture (MS). Findings revealed that regions with proactive management and sufficient processing capacities (CZ, HR, ESP) maintained relative stability despite natural Commented [SG1]: Number of words of the entire document disturbances, while others (DE, FIN) experienced prolonged instability due to market-driven logging practices and limited adaptive measures. The study highlighted the frequent breaching of resilience thresholds, particularly during high-volume salvage logging following disturbances such as bark beetle outbreaks, windstorms, and wildfires. The results emphasized the importance of integrating adaptive and proactive strategies to mitigate these impacts. The ORF demonstrated potential for operationalizing FVC resilience and provided guidance for improving preparedness against future disturbances.