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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. For. Glob. Change
Sec. Forest Management
Volume 7 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2024.1373683

Energy storage of Indonesian forest community tree species employing allometry equations for designing the next strategies

Provisionally accepted
Pandu Wirabuana Pandu Wirabuana 1Liliana Baskorowati Liliana Baskorowati 2*Budi Mulyana Budi Mulyana 3Himlal Baral Himlal Baral 4Rina Hendrati Rina Hendrati 2Ilg Nurtjahjaningsih Ilg Nurtjahjaningsih 2Dedi Setiadi Dedi Setiadi 2Sugeng Pudjiono Sugeng Pudjiono 2Mashudi Mashudi Mashudi Mashudi 2Sumardi Sumardi Sumardi Sumardi 2
  • 1 Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • 2 National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
  • 3 Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
  • 4 Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    This study estimates community forest tree species' energy using allometric models. Accurate treelevel energy stock estimation is needed to evaluate community forest tree species for renewable energy development. Three commercial species in community forests utilized as temporary energy sources, Falcataria moluccana, Swietenia macrophylla and Tectona grandis were sampled by cutting 45 trees. Those tree types were investigated as co-firing materials supplied by the community while the region develops a strategy including finding the best species for continuous wood energy stock to power Java and Bali. This study recorded data to compare with the potential determined fast-growing species established specifically for the next annual energy stock. Multiplying the biomass calorific value gave each tree component's energy stock and adding all energy stock tree components result in an estimate for each tree. Regression analysis was used to make allometric models that use diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height as predictors. The calorific value of components varied among species, with foliage having the highest (5021.24±39.37 kcal kg -1 ), followed by stem (4352.8±32.07 kcal kg -1 ) and branches (4200.11±33.54 kcal kg -1 ). Thus, leaves could be used for energy as trees are harvested for timber. All species stored most energy in stems (60.59 0.97%), branches (27.04 1.13%), and leaves (12.38 0.84%). As DBH classes grew, energy stock of stems and branches improved but foliage fell. With adjusted R 2 adj of 0.84-0.99 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.03-0.64, allometric models accurately assessed species energy stocks in each component and the overall tree. Tree height does not necessarily improve model accuracy; therefore, each species had a different bestfit model. Generalized allometric models for all species might estimate component and tree energy storage and our study demonstrated that allometric models could measure community forest tree species energy stocks. These should also be estimated for the next species for co-firing wood biomass when coppice harvest is applied. The above alternative species and the proposed much faster-growing species for co-firing are compared.

    Keywords: biomass, calorific value, Allometric model, renewable energy, Community forest

    Received: 20 Jan 2024; Accepted: 08 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Wirabuana, Baskorowati, Mulyana, Baral, Hendrati, Nurtjahjaningsih, Setiadi, Pudjiono, Mashudi and Sumardi. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Liliana Baskorowati, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.