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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Environ. Sci.
Sec. Environmental Economics and Management
Volume 13 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1391418
This article is part of the Research Topic Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) Reduction and Economic Structural Transformation View all 18 articles

Deciphering the Drivers of CO2 Emissions in Haryana: A Comprehensive Analysis from 2005 to 2023

Provisionally accepted
Parveen Kumar Parveen Kumar 1,2*Nudrat Fatima Nudrat Fatima 3*Muhammad Kamran Khan Muhammad Kamran Khan 3
  • 1 National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India
  • 2 NIILM University, Kaithal, Haryana, India
  • 3 . Assistant Prof. Department of Management studies, Bahria, Pakistan

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    This paper examines the factors affecting CO 2 emissions in the state of Haryana from 2005 to 2023 using a detailed dataset. The analysis considers CO 2 emissions as the dependent variable and includes independent variables such as Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at constant prices, the square of NSDP, population growth, and life expectancy. The study applies a range of statistical techniques, including stationarity tests, to understand the intricate relationships among these variables. Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Canonical Cointegration Regression methods are utilized to conduct an in-depth analysis.The results offer significant insights into the dynamics of CO 2 emissions in Haryana. Specifically, a positive and statistically significant relationship is found between CO 2 emissions, NSDP, and population growth, suggesting that as the economy and population expand, CO 2 emissions rise as well. This highlights the challenges posed by economic development and demographic growth to environmental sustainability. Conversely, the study finds a negative relationship between CO 2 emissions and life expectancy, indicating that improvements in public health and longevity may inadvertently contribute to a reduction in emissions. This unexpected result underscores the importance of understanding the complex interactions between environmental factors and socioeconomic indicators to achieve sustainable development goals effectively.

    Keywords: CO2 emission, Haryana, NSDP, Environmental kuznets curve, DOLS

    Received: 25 Feb 2024; Accepted: 22 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Kumar, Fatima and Khan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Parveen Kumar, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, India
    Nudrat Fatima, . Assistant Prof. Department of Management studies, Bahria, Pakistan

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