Corrigendum: Impact of population mobility on regional carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Australia

A Corrigendum on
Impact of population mobility on regional carbon emissions: empirical evidence from Australia

by Guo H (2024). Front. Environ. Sci. 12:1392267. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2024.1392267

In the published article, there were errors in the formulas and incorrect interpretation of variables.

A correction has been made to Section: 3 Models and data, Subsection: 3.1 The econometric model and variables, Paragraph 1 and 2. This sentence previously stated:

“This paper proposes the adoption of an econometric model based on panel data to investigate the impact of population mobility on carbon emissions in Australia. It is evident from prior empirical research that employing such an econometric analytical model significantly enhances the reliability of estimation results (Azomahou et al., 2006; Baltagi, 2021). Moreover, this model endeavors to incorporate various control variables to mitigate potential inaccuracies arising from the omission of relevant influencing factors (Halicioglu, 2009; Al-mulali and Sheau-Ting, 2014). Furthermore, recognizing the issue of multicollinearity between domestic and international population mobility within the same econometric framework (Zhong et al., 2021), both variables are included in the empirical analyses within the econometric model. Hence, this paper formulates the following econometric model:

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\alpha }_0+{\alpha }_1{mi{g}_{\mathit{int}}}_{it}+{{\alpha }_{2}mi{g}_{dom}}_{it}+{\alpha }_3{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_{it}+{\mu }_{it}+{\xi }_{it}(1)$

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\phi }_0+{\phi }_1{mi{g}_{\mathit{int}}}_{it}+{\phi }_2{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_{it}+{\mu }_{it}+{\xi }_{it}(2)$

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\phi }_0+{\beta }_1{mi{g}_{dom}}_{it}+{\beta }_2{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_{it}+{\mu }_{it}+{\xi }_{it}(3)$

where $t$ is the state, $t$ is the time, ${\phi }_0$ is a constant term and ${\text{CO}}_{2it}$ is the state’s domestic population mobility and international population mobility², respectively. The explanatory and explanatory variables are logarithmic in the empirical evidence. $\xi$ is denoted as error terms, respectively. In addition, the paper controls for sectoral fixed effects ($\eta$) and time fixed effects ($\mu$) to mitigate measurement bias arising from omitted variables (deHaan, deHaan, 2020). $Z$ are control variables.”

The corrected sentence appears below:

This paper proposes the adoption of an econometric model based on panel data to investigate the impact of population mobility on carbon emissions in Australia. It is evident from prior empirical research that employing such an econometric analytical model significantly enhances the reliability of estimation results (Azomahou et al., 2006; Baltagi, 2021). Moreover, this model endeavors to incorporate various control variables to mitigate potential inaccuracies arising from the omission of relevant influencing factors (Halicioglu, 2009; Al-mulali & Sheau-Ting, 2014). Furthermore, recognizing the issue of multicollinearity between domestic and international population mobility within the same econometric framework (Zhong et al., 2021), both variables are included in the empirical analyses within the econometric model. Hence, this paper formulates the following econometric model:

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\alpha }_0+{\alpha }_1{mi{g}_{\mathit{int}}}_{it}+{{\alpha }_{2}mi{g}_{dom}}_{it}+{\alpha }_3{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_i+{\mu }_t+{\xi }_{it}(1)$

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\phi }_0+{\phi }_1{mi{g}_{\mathit{int}}}_{it}+{\phi }_2{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_i+{\mu }_t+{\xi }_{it}(2)$

${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}={\phi }_0+{\beta }_1{mi{g}_{dom}}_{it}+{\beta }_2{Z}_{it}+{\eta }_i+{\mu }_t+{\xi }_{it}(3)$

where $i$ is the state, $t$ is the time, ${\phi }_0$ is a constant term and ${{\text{CO}}_2}_{it}$ is the net CO₂ emissions¹ for the state of $i$, and $mi{g\_\mathit{int}}_{it}、{mig\_dom}_{it}$ is the state $i$'s international population mobility and domestic population mobility², respectively. The explanatory and explanatory variables are logarithmic in the empirical evidence. $\xi$ is denoted as error terms, respectively. In addition, the paper controls for time-fixed effects $\left(\eta \right)$ and sectoral fixed effects $\left(\mu \right)$ to mitigate measurement bias arising from omitted variables (deHaan, 2020). $Z$ are control variables.”

The authors apologize for these errors and state that they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.

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Footnotes

¹Net CO₂ emissions are the amount of carbon dioxide after all emissions released by human activities have been offset by removing carbon from the atmosphere. Net CO₂ emissions consist of two main components. Firstly, human-caused CO₂ emissions (e.g., from fossil-fuelled cars and factories). Second, carbon removal, which is usually done through natural methods such as absorption by forests, land, and oceans, or through technologies such as direct air capture and storage (DACS), which removes carbon directly from the atmosphere.

²Population mobility in this paper refers to the net inflow of population as a proportion of the total local population, i.e., population inflow minus population outflow divided by the total local population.