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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Environ. Sci., 03 May 2022

Sec. Environmental Economics and Management

Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.900760

RETRACTED: The Dynamics of Three Currencies’ Bid–Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import–Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production

  • 1. School of Economics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China

  • 2. Overseas Education College, Fujian Business University, Fuzhou, China

  • 3. Department of Trade and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia

  • 4. School of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, China

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This article has been retracted. Please follow the link to the full retraction notice for details.

Summary

Citation

Xu L, Liu X, Smutka L, Strielkowski W and Zhao X (2022) RETRACTED: The Dynamics of Three Currencies’ Bid–Ask Spread From the Perspective of Import–Export Success: Novel Findings for Digital Trade and Sustainable Production. Front. Environ. Sci. 10:900760. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.900760

Received

21 March 2022

Accepted

05 April 2022

Published

03 May 2022

Retracted

07 August 2025

Volume

10 - 2022

Edited by

Gagan Deep Sharma, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, India

Reviewed by

Ahmed Samour, Near East University, Cyprus

Hyoungsuk Lee, Korea University, South Korea

Updates

ORCID: Luboš Smutka, orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-1333; Wadim Strielkowski, orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-3841

This article was submitted to Environmental Economics and Management, a section of the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science

Disclaimer

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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