AUTHOR=Wang Xuemei , Chen Jinxin , Li Zifu , Cheng Shikun , Mang Heinz-Peter , Zheng Lei , Jan Inayatullah , Harada Hidenori TITLE=Nutrient recovery technologies for management of blackwater: A review JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science VOLUME=10 YEAR=2023 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1080536 DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2022.1080536 ISSN=2296-665X ABSTRACT=

Nutrient recovery and recycling are of great importance in sustainable development. Blackwater (BW) refers to wastewater from toilets, which contains feces, urine, water, and toilet paper from flush toilets. The highly concentrated nutrients of blackwater could be collected through source separation and treated adequately to recover nutrients efficiently and economically. The review intends to give an overview of the characteristics of BW and different techniques to recover nutrients and other valuable products. A number of these technologies are currently under development or being tested at laboratory or pilot scale. The perspective for blackwater nutrient recovery technologies is very positive due to their great potential. For application of source-oriented sanitation infrastructure and systems, there is still a long way to go for development of commercial technologies and valuable products.