AUTHOR=Zolghadr Ehsan , Firouzjaei Mostafa Dadashi , Amouzandeh Ghoncheh , LeClair Patrick , Elliott Mark TITLE=The Role of Membrane-Based Technologies in Environmental Treatment and Reuse of Produced Water JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science VOLUME=9 YEAR=2021 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.629767 DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2021.629767 ISSN=2296-665X ABSTRACT=

Produced water (PW) generation has been increasing recently due to the expansion of fossil fuel extraction and the aging of oil wells worldwide, especially in the United States. The adverse health risks, seismicity, and environmental impacts associated with PW have become a challenging concern. Therefore, there is increased demand for improved PW treatment and reuse management options. There are multiple methods for treating PW; this article focuses on treatment through membrane filtration. Moreover, this mini review aims to summarize statistics on PW abundance and trends in PW generation over time, to briefly call attention to health-related issues, highlight some treatment challenges, and mention the potential purposes for reuse with an emphasis on the United States, the largest generator of PW worldwide.