AUTHOR=Steeneveld Gert-Jan TITLE=Current challenges in understanding and forecasting stable boundary layers over land and ice JOURNAL=Frontiers in Environmental Science VOLUME=2 YEAR=2014 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/environmental-science/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2014.00041 DOI=10.3389/fenvs.2014.00041 ISSN=2296-665X ABSTRACT=

Understanding and prediction of the stable atmospheric boundary layer is challenging. Many physical processes come into play in the stable boundary layer (SBL), i.e., turbulence, radiation, land surface coupling and heterogeneity, orographic turbulent and gravity wave drag (GWD). The development of robust stable boundary-layer parameterizations for weather and climate models is difficult because of the multiplicity of processes and their complex interactions. As a result, these models suffer from biases in key variables, such as the 2-m temperature, boundary-layer depth and wind speed. This short paper briefly summarizes the state-of-the-art of SBL research, and highlights physical processes that received only limited attention so far, in particular orographically-induced GWD, longwave radiation divergence, and the land-atmosphere coupling over a snow-covered surface. Finally, a conceptual framework with relevant processes and particularly their interactions is proposed.