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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Energy Res.
Sec. Sustainable Energy Systems
Volume 12 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2024.1508391

A Renewable Integrated Multi-Area System for LFC Incorporating Electrical Vehicle with SOC Estimation

Provisionally accepted
F Lalhmangaihzuala F Lalhmangaihzuala 1Subir Datta Subir Datta 1*Samuel Lalngaihawma Samuel Lalngaihawma 1Taha Selim Ustun Taha Selim Ustun 2*Akhtar Kalam Akhtar Kalam 3
  • 1 Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
  • 2 FREA, Tsukuba, Japan
  • 3 Victoria University, Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    In this paper,the effect of Electric Vehicle in LFC (load frequency control) in the context of a deregulated market within an asymmetric three-area system, featuring a novel combination of hybrid power plants is presented. The paper discusses load frequency control within a deregulated market in an unequal three-area system using a new combination of hybrid power plants. All the area comprises one Renewable Energy Source and Thermal Power Plant (TPP) each incorporating Electric Vehicle. Area 1 contains a combination of a Wind Turbine System (WTS) and thermal, area 2 has a Geo-thermal power plant (GTPP) and thermal, and area 3 has Biogas Power Plant (BPP) and thermal. This proposed system is investigated succesfully, which is not yet investigated before. The conventional controllers like PID, PI, and I controllers are used as these controllers are simple, cheap and easily available. Then, their performance are observed and compared. The controller parameters undergo optimization through the application of an innovative optimization method referred to as the Mine Blasting Algorithm, which utilizes an integral square error (ISE)-based fitness function. Analysis is done under both bilateral and contract violation case with and without Generation Rate Constraint. Moreover, SOC estimation concept under deregulated environment and significance of EV in the proposed system especially in case of contract violation is also presented.

    Keywords: LFC, Multi Area System, Renewable source, electric vehicle, SOC, Deregulation

    Received: 09 Oct 2024; Accepted: 18 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Lalhmangaihzuala, Datta, Lalngaihawma, Ustun and Kalam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Subir Datta, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796001, Mizoram, India
    Taha Selim Ustun, FREA, Tsukuba, Japan

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.