An effective optimal sizing and feasibility analysis of an off-grid hybrid renewable system to alleviate power crises among Adivasi villagers of Koopgarh in northern Madhya Pradesh, India

Energy is an important aspect of a country's long-term growth, and to meet the increasing electrical demand for reliable manure, there is an urge to plan for future generations. In this study, metaheuristic optimization approaches that have recently been constructed, which include the coati optimization algorithm and hippopotamus optimization, were applied to determine the perfect dimensions for a grid-independent composite renewable energy infrastructure. The optimization problem attempts to reduce the total annual cost of the system while maintaining the reliability of the loss of power supply probability in an acceptable range. Three combinations of hybrid energy systems were designed and optimized, and the optimization findings point out that the system consisting of a photovoltaic module, wind turbine, storage battery, and battery is the most cost-effective optimal energy system.