Haseeb Rashid ¹ Lyu Guanghua ² Aqsa Ali ³ Nirmal Samejo ⁴ Abdulrahman Alkaseem ⁵ Rija Hasan ^3* Arsalan Muhammad Soomar ^6* Shoaib Shaikh ⁴ Syed Hadi Hussain Hadi ²

• ¹ Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
• ² PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, Hangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
• ³ Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
• ⁴ Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
• ⁵ Islamic University of Madinah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
• ⁶ Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland

In this paper, a comprehensive review of the impacts and imminent design challenges concerning such EV charging stations that are based on solar photovoltaic infrastructures is presented, which is based on state-of-the-art frameworks for PV-powered charging stations and the latest case studies. The main factors that are targeted in this review are the management of an EV charging system that is a composite of PV and public grid, as well as a charging system business model that can affect consumer behavior by charging at different rates and the best design infrastructure for a PV electric vehicle charging services.The economic, environmental, and social impacts caused by the installation of PV-driven charging infrastructures are also compared. Moreover, the framework for recently emerging vehicle-to-grid and vehicle-to-home services, as well as the integration of these frameworks, is discussed. Finally, survey results for future EV demand and its public acceptance are presented. Appertaining to these issues, the case studies highlight that EV transportation between parking lots and charging stations is necessary to make the best use of the available charging stations. Statistically, in this study, it was inferred that there are no limitations on the amount of EV battery capacity that can be stored, and users of EVs can charge in both slow and fast modes. Furthermore, V2G systems are not suitable for widespread industrial use. Moreover, finding solutions and overcoming numerous obstacles remain unaddressed issues, and the size of the EV industry must reach a certain level to make profitable sales of V2B, V2H, V2G, and other V2X systems. The collected statistics indicate that although respondents generally have a favorable opinion of the mobility applications powered by photovoltaic cells, it seems unlikely that they will use them anytime soon.