Long Zhang ¹ Ming Ma ² Wen Xiao ^3* ping Y. Zhong ¹ Bi Hu ¹ wen W. Zhou ¹ hai W. Zhang ³

• ¹ Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, Guangdong Power Grid Co., LTD., Guangdong, China
• ² Electric Power Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
• ³ College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Shunt capacitor banks are essential for reactive power compensation, ensuring voltage stability, and reducing system losses. These banks consist of multiple units with components in series and parallel. A few component failures do not immediately affect the safe operation of the capacitor bank, but component breakdown can lead to voltage redistribution. Under combined factors such as system overvoltage and equipment aging, and others can trigger an avalanche effect causing capacitor breakdown, resulting in significant safety accident risks. Practical operation experience shows that partial component breakdown generates many transient disturbance signals. Quantitative analysis of these signals can detect capacitor bank anomalies early. This paper proposes the quantitative extraction of transient disturbance characteristics using the Prony algorithm and estimates the phase and number of capacitors that break down to judge capacitor anomalies. The simulation part verifies the theoretical analysis and detection algorithm's correctness through numerical simulations and PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design) electromagnetic transient simulations. The numerical simulations consider different signal lengths, noise levels, attenuation coefficients, and oscillation frequencies. In the PSCAD simulation environment, verification models are built under varying sampling frequencies, numbers of breakdown components, signal lengths, and signal-to-noise ratios. These simulation results verify the accuracy of the detection algorithm under different conditions.