AUTHOR=Pathak Anil D. , Adhikari Pashupati R. , Choi Wonbong 

TITLE=Lithium-CO2 batteries and beyond

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1150737

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2023.1150737

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=<p>Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries with a theoretical energy density of 1,876 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> are attractive as a promising energy storage strategy and as an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and the formation of discharge product Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> and carbon. This article provides critical perspectives on the development of Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries as well as a description of current issues and challenges associated with cathode catalysts, electrolyte, and anode for Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries. Furthermore, the development and deployment of materials to overcome these challenges of Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries are discussed briefly. Finally, a systematic analysis of beyond Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries (other Metal-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries) as a potential research direction in the development of energy storage and CO<sub>2</sub> fixation and utilization in practical applications is provided.</p>