AUTHOR=Khan Arshad , Alyami Maryam Ahmed , Alghamdi Wajdi , Alqarni M. M. , Yassen Mansour F. , Tag Eldin Elsayed 

TITLE=Thermal examination for the micropolar gold–blood nanofluid flow through a permeable channel subject to gyrotactic microorganisms

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.993247

DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2022.993247

ISSN=2296-598X

ABSTRACT=<p>Presently, scientists across the world are carrying out theoretical and experimental examinations for describing the importance of nanofluids in the heat transfer phenomena. Such fluids can be obtained by suspending nanoparticles in the base fluid. Experimentally, it has proved that the thermal characteristics of nanofluids are much better and more appealing than those of traditional fluids. The current study investigates the heat transfer for the flow of blood that comprises micropolar gold nanoparticles. The influence of chemically reactive activation energy, thermophoresis, thermal radiations, and Brownian motion exists between the walls of the channel. A microorganism creation also affects the concentration of nanoparticles inside the channel. Suitable transformation has been used to change the mathematical model to its dimensionless form and then solve by using the homotopy analysis method. In this investigation, it has been revealed that the linear velocity behavior is two-folded over the range <inline-formula id="inf1"><mml:math id="m1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. The flow is declining in the range <inline-formula id="inf2"><mml:math id="m2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>, whereas it is augmenting upon the range <inline-formula id="inf3"><mml:math id="m3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.5</mml:mn><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>η</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. Thermal characteristics are supported by augmentation in volumetric fraction, thermophoresis, radiation, and Brownian motion parameters while opposed by the Prandtl number. The concentration of the fluid increases with augmentation in activation energy parameters and decays with an increase in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, chemical reaction parameters, and the Schmidt number. The density of microorganisms weakens by growth in Peclet and bioconvection Lewis numbers.</p>