AUTHOR=Al-Suhaimi Ebtesam Abdullah , Aljafary Meneerah Abdulrahman , Alfareed Tahani M. , Alshuyeh Hussah Abdullah , Alhamid Galyah Mohammed , Sonbol Bayan , Almofleh Atheel , Alkulaifi Fadwa Mohammed , Altwayan Reham Khalid , Alharbi Jamilah Naif , Binmahfooz Noha Mubarak , Alhasani Eman Saleh , Tombuloglu Huseyin , Rasdan Alia Saeed , lardhi Amer A. , Baykal Abdulhadi , Homeida A. M. TITLE=Nanogenerator-Based Sensors for Energy Harvesting From Cardiac Contraction JOURNAL=Frontiers in Energy Research VOLUME=10 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.900534 DOI=10.3389/fenrg.2022.900534 ISSN=2296-598X ABSTRACT=

Biomedical electric devices provide great assistance for health and life quality. However, their maintainable need remains a serious issue for the restricted duration of energy storage. Therefore, scientists are investigating alternative technologies such as nanogenerators that could harvest the mechanical energy of the human heart to act as the main source of energy for the pacemaker. Cardiac contraction is not a source for circulation; it utilizes body energy as an alternative energy source to recharge pacemaker devices. This is a key biomedical innovation to protect patients’ lives from possible risks resulting from repeated surgery. A batteryless pacemaker is possible via an implantable energy collecting tool, exchanging the restriction of the current batteries for a sustainable self-energy resource technique. In this context, the physiology of heart energy in the preservation of blood distribution pulse generation and the effects of cardiac hormones on the heart’s pacemaker shall be outlined. In this review, we summarized different technologies for the implantable energy harvesters and self-powered implantable medical devices with emphasis on nanogenerator-based sensors for energy harvesting from cardiac contraction. It could conclude that recent hybrid bio-nanogenerator systems of both piezoelectric and triboelectric devices based on biocompatible biomaterials and clean energy are promising biomedical devices for harvesting energy from cardiac and body movement. These implantable and wearable nanogenerators become self-powered biomedical tools with high efficacy, durability, thinness, flexibility, and low cost. Although many studies have proven their safety, there is a need for their long-term biosafety and biocompatibility. A further note on the biocompatibility of bio-generator sensors shall be addressed.